Common Fraud Risks
|
Risk Area |
Example |
|
Cash Theft |
Cashiers pocketing small amounts from daily transactions |
|
Skimming |
Withholding cash before it’s recorded in the system |
|
Falsifying Records |
Changing figures in receipts or deposits |
|
Ghost Employees |
Creating fake staff in payroll systems (common in utilities/construction) |
|
Duplicate Payments |
Making multiple payments for one invoice and taking the difference |
|
Supplier Kickbacks |
Collusion with vendors in procurement departments |
|
Overstated Expenses |
Submitting inflated claims for travel, supplies, or petty cash |
|
Unauthorized Discounts |
Offering friends or family discounts or services not approved by policy |
Risk Analysis Framework
-
Identify Risks
- Review cash processes (collection, deposit, reconciliation).
- Interview employees and audit past incidents.
-
Assess Risk Level
|
Risk |
Likelihood |
Impact |
Risk Level |
|
Skimming |
High |
Medium |
High |
|
Ghost Employees |
Medium |
High |
High |
|
Duplicate Payments |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
-
Controls Assessment
- Are there preventive, detective, and corrective controls in place?
- Are reconciliations done daily or weekly?
- Are surprise audits conducted?
-
Residual Risk
- Even after controls, what risks remain?
Risk Mitigation Strategies.
- Segregation of Duties: Different people for receiving cash, recording, and reconciling.
- Regular Reconciliation: Daily balancing, independent checks.
- System Controls: Automated alerts for duplicate entries or late deposits.
- Audits: Random internal and external audits.
- Training: Staff trained to recognize red flags and report incidents.